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Mensaje: <blockquote data-quote="Cardenal" data-source="post: 593188" data-attributes="member: 3897">AMAP-ADS – Revolutionary technology for military vehiclesFrom tanks to trucks, modern ground forces depend on mechanized transport to carry out practically every type of military operation. Recent experience in Iraq and Afghanistan has shown how vulnerable tactical vehicles can be in conflicts without frontlines, often conducted in urban environments where the threat of asymmetric attack is omnipresent. In such situations, vehicles need the best protection possible, and not just combat assets such as IFVs but also transport and patrol vehicles and – in a war without rules – even field ambulances. Though passive protection systems remain indispensable, conventional armour reaches its performance limits here. This is because effective passive protection is always a question of weight, and is thus depends on factors such as engine power and mobility requirements. Moreover, new man-portable antitank weapons such as the Russian RPG-29 make even well armoured vehicles vulnerable to attack. During the fighting in Lebanon in 2006, for instance, Hizbollah fighters used this weapon to put a number of Israeli Merkava IV tanks out of action.<img src="http://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/img/Chempro_Detect_Intercept.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" />     Superior performance: Made by ADS Gesellschaft für aktive Schutzsysteme mbH, the newly developed AMAP Active Defence System (AMAP-ADS) represents a revolution in vehicle protection technology. The main difference compared to conventional concepts: it uses directed energy rather the explosive projectiles to intercept incoming enemy rounds.The upshot: rather than attempting to minimize the impact of a hit, it’s better to avoid getting hit in the first place. This is where active protection systems come into play. Much the way air defence systems shoot down enemy aircraft, active protection systems destroy incoming projectiles before they reach their target. They can also tell whether or not an approaching object poses a threat. This way, a minor threat such as someone throwing a stone at the vehicle won’t trigger unnecessary countermeasures. By the same token, an active system results in an altogether higher level of protection, since passive systems invariably contain certain weak points such as the thinly armoured tops of tanks or their vulnerable running gear.Apart from their obvious advantages, previous active systems also had distinct drawbacks. Anders Nilsson coordinates international business at IBD Ingenieurbüro Deisenroth in Lohmar, Germany, an engineering bureau that specialized in active protection technology. As he explains, "The interceptor projectile of an active protection system is often a fragmentation round which can make quite a mess when it neutralizes an incoming round. This can cause serious collateral damage, especially if the vehicle is operating in urban terrain."It’s also true that standard systems require several milliseconds to recognize and respond to a threat. This means that when a projectile is fired at short range, the active protection system doesn’t always have enough time to recognize and engage it – a major disadvantage in heavily built-up areas, where the enemy is often only a few metres away."And"”, as Nilsson is quick to point out: "active protection systems have only a limited capability for coping with multiple hits. A single sensor and one or two launcher tubes for the interceptor rounds are all the system has for protecting the vehicle. If multiple rounds are fired at the vehicle either simultaneously or in quick succession, the system can only detect and engage one of them in time; the rest will hit the target before the crew can take evasive action or shoot back."Developed and manufactured by ADS Gesellschaft für aktive Schutzsysteme mbH, a company jointly owned by IBD and Rheinmetall, the new AMAP Active Defence System (AMAP-ADS) represents a revolution in vehicle protection technology. The biggest difference compared with conventional concepts: the system doesn’t use explosive projectiles to intercept incoming enemy rounds. Instead, it relies on directed energy.The technical details of this technique are secret, but the advantages are plain to see: the intercepted projectile is destroyed without an explosion; this minimizes damage to the surrounding area. Moreover, the process takes place only three metres from the vehicle – far enough away to protect it from damage yet close enough to control the action of interception. By way of comparison, earlier standard systems neutralized incoming threats at a standoff of around 20 metres, significantly increasing the risk of civilian casualties.Another decisive advantage is speed: the AMAP-ADS system needs just 600 milliseconds or so to detect and engage a threat. "For one thing, this means that the active sensor can operate at shorter ranges, and still have adequate time to react", explains Nilsson, noting that this reduces the vehicle’s electronic signature, making it harder for the enemy to detect. It also means that projectiles fired even at very close quarters can be destroyed prior to impact. This is especially important in urban combat.Moreover, the innovative AMAP-ADS protection concept is significantly better than other systems at intercepting multiple projectiles, giving it an impressive "multi hit protection" capability. The system is equipped with numerous sensors – as many as twenty or thirty depending on the size of the vehicle to be protected. Each sensor has its own assigned interceptor device. The trick here is that the sensor zones overlap. If a combined sensor-intercept system – let’s call it "System A" – triggers a countermeasure in order to protect a specific part of the vehicle, and the same part of the vehicle is immediately fired on again, neighbouring "System B" can take over protection of this section, intercepting the second projectile by initiating a countermeasure. During this brief but critical timeframe, "System A" can reload in order to react to subsequent threats.A further advantage of the AMAP-ADS is its remarkably low weight (between 150 and 500 kilos), which makes it very versatile. It can be installed on practically any land system, not just tanks. The possibilities are limitless, ranging from standard commercial trucks to lightly armoured multipurpose vehicles such as the Iveco LMV. Vulnerable operations such as logistics obviously stand to benefit.Pre-production of the AMAP-ADS starts this year, with serial production set to begin in 2009. The armed forces of Sweden and Great Britain are currently conducting specially designed tests to assess the new system’s effectiveness. The outcome will be important in determining whether these two countries eventually decide to procure it.<a href="http://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/index.php?fid=4935&lang=3">http://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/i...id=4935&lang=3</a></blockquote>

Verificación: Guerra desarrollada entre Argentina y el Reino Unido en 1982