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Mensaje: <blockquote data-quote="bullrock" data-source="post: 516275">bueno, alguno q lo lea y comente... sino lo hago despeus, no es perfecta traduccion, pero creo q mas o menos se la banca.Title ContS- 35 known already long ago in the world of the aircraft. Under such name with 1992 on international airinteriors repeatedly modernised destroyers, §³§å-27§®, creating in due time by request of home-made AIR FORCE were demonstrated. On the border of new millennium the destroyers ContS- 35participated in AIR FORCE tender of Korea and Brasil, and in role of theplanes-demonstrators the same machines acted, §Ó§í§á§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§ê§Ö in the first half of 90s became apparently that for successful advancing on the world market and supplying of competitiveness with modern and promising foreign destroyers the plane needs a radical update which should affect not only complexes of the on-board equipment and armament, but also machine glider itself, as well as her power-plant. The last should provide essential increase of resources and destroyer service life. As a result to the middle of the first decade of new century as a whole the conception of deep modernised family destroyerContS- 27 was generated , for which title was preserved ContS- 35 (is used sometimes §³§å-35§¢§® (Big Update).So that new it is realised in design ContS- 35? First, the destroyer will receive advanced glider with strengthened design that will allow to achieve essential increaseof the plane resource - up to 6000 §é either 30 operation years (resource up to thefirst control-restorative repair and between repairs is increased up to 1500 §é or 10operation years). On aerodynamic configuration he is similar to the plane ContS- 27 - as opposed to §³§å-30§®§¬§ª on him will not already forward horizontal tail, at the same timein all three channels remote control will be realised, without mechanical wiring. Application of new complex control system §¬§³§µ-35, developing §®§¯§±§¬ ¨^§¡§Ó§Ú§à§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ¨m and performing function at once of a few systems which used earlier aboard the plane ContS- 27 (systems of remote control, systems of automatic control, restrictive signals, air signals, controls of braking of the landing gear wheels, controls of turn of forward rack) will raise flight and manoeuvrable destroyer opportunities. §¬§³§µ-35 simultaneously will function as an active safety.From design features ContS- 35 it is necessary to note as well absence of traditional forplanes ContS- 27 top brake panel - his functions go differentially to deflected yaw rudders. In connection with increase of take-off mass on ContS- 35 landing gear is strengthened ,and the front bearing is performed two-wheeled. At manufacturing of the plane glider thetechnologies of decrease of radar-tracking appreciablness are realised which supply reduction of his reflecting ability in Kh-diapazons of the radiowaves in the sector of the angles ¨d60¨c.§£§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ö§Ö new ContS- 35 (T-10§¢M) closer common ContS- 27, than to former ContS- 35 (T-10M):it has no §±§¤§°, tail beam is shortened. The wings correspond applied on ship ContS- 33 with big §æ§Ý§Ñ§á§Ö§â§à§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú engaging all back edge.   Glider design is strengthened somewhat thatallows to increase a maximum take-off mass up to 38.800 kg. However, at the expense of reduction of mass of the §¢§²§¿§°, mass of empty plane remained practically constant (16.500 kg).Besides the area of vertical tail is diminished that §²§**** lowers - appreciablness, volume of §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ß§ß§à§Ô§à section is reduced (due to modern and compact §Ñ§Ó§Ú§à§ß§Ú§Ü§Ö). Fractional changes were undergone by the pilot's cabin lantern.   With reference to glider plane ContS- 35 to use pertinently term ¡°sparing mode of update¡±. It is caused by the designers' seeking to avoid or to reduce to the minimum volume expensive §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, as well as to use extremely fully existing production-type completion.Glider design ContS- 35 supplies increase of inside fuel more than by 20% - at total fillinghe reaches 11 500 kg as compared with 9400 kg at production-type ContS- 27. Besides aboard the plane application of two pendant propellant tanks of capacity on 1800 §Ý, suspended tounderwing points is supplied. With external tanks total fuel will reach 14 300 kg. Plane aswell is equipped by the system of refueling in flight on outline ¨^§ê§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ô-§Ü§à§ß§å§ã¨m with sliding rod on fuselage penetrator left hand side. Rate of fuel transfer at replenishment reaches 1100§Ý / mines.Important difference ContS- 35 from family planes previous it ContS- 27 is application in his power-plant of new motors with increased link. They are developed on the §¯§±§° ¨^§³§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß¨m and known called ¨^117§³¨m.In structural plan these motors are a deep development of production-type §¡§****-31§¶ with use of the technologies of the fifth generation. On [to] them new fan of diameter increased on 3%, (932 mm against 905 mm) new turbines of high and low pressure, new digital control system is applied. On the motor nozzle use with controlled thrust vector is provided (as on §¡§****-31§¶§±). As a result of conducted update engine thrust on specific mode is increased by 16% - up to 14 500 §Ü§Ô§ã, on maximum cold mode she reaches 8800 §Ü§Ô§ã. As compared with the present §¡§****-31§¶ is substantial- to 2-2,7 times - resource ratings will increase: time between overhauls will increase from 500 to 1000 §é (resource before the first overhaul - 1500 §é), and nominated - from 1500 to 4000 §é.On program of tests and operational development ¨^§Ú§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ñ 117§³¨m was constructed five prototype engines.First from them you pass 2003 stand testing, and additionally two they passed flight optimisation as a part of power-plant of flying laboratory - experienced plane §³§å-27§® ¨k710. Test flights began in March 2004 During the first phase flight test about 30 flights of this flying laboratory with new motors, including five - with two motors were carried out. Then the fourth copy replaced the very first pilotspecimen on the stand, and the fifth was used as reserve on flight tests.Conducted stand testing showed that introduced events allowed to improve substantially parameters of the motor¨^117§³¨m as compared with prototype model and to exceed terms of reference parameters on link and specific fuelconsumption. In the §¯§±§° subsidiary ¨^§³§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß¨m on Lytkarirnskij machine-building plant (Moscow region) in the springof this year stand durability tests of the motor to in supplying of the first departure ContS- 35 began. Besideson the stand in Lytkarnno there is one more motor of this type which is intended for execution of the complex ofspecialtests.Production-type issue of the motors ¨^117§³¨m will be implemented in co-operation by Ufa engine-building productionassociation (§µ§®§±§°, Ufa) and §¯§±§° ¨^§³§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß¨m (Rybinsk). On decision of the Companies-partners, all works on motor ¨^117§³¨m will be divided between §¯§±§° ¨^§³§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß¨m and MIND ON parity base, 50 by 50%.First two series engines ¨^§Ú§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ö 117§³¨m for execution of flight tests as a part of the first experienced plane ContS- 35 were made on the §¯§±§° ¨^§³§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß¨m and deliver on Knaapo in the beginning of this year.Perhaps, the main distinctive feature ContS- 35 will become application on him essentially new complex of the on-board equipment. In the base of him information-controlling system (§ª§µ§³) intended for functional, logic, information and program correlation of the systems of the on-board equipment to uniform integrated system and supplying interaction between crew and equipment lies. To composition of the §ª§µ§³ two central digital calculators, facility of switching and transformation of the information and system of indication, realising conception ¨^§ã§ä§Ö§Ü§Ý§ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Ü§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ß§í¨m enter.The base of information-controlling cabin area ContS- 35 is accounted for by two huge colour multi-tasking §¨§¬§ª of the type §®§¶§ª-35, multi-tasking board with built-in display processor, §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§å§Ô§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Û collimating indicator against a background of nose glass §ª§¬§º-1§® and control panel and indication.Multi-tasking indicators §®§¶§ª-35 with built-in display processor have size 9x12 inches (diagonal is 15 inches) and permission 1400x1050 §á§Ú§Ü§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û. They are intended for reception , processing and display in multiwindow §â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ§Ö§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û, §è§Ú§æ§â§à§Ò§å§Ü§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û and symbolical information, display of television information from on-board television gauges with imposing to it §è§Ú§æ§â§à§Ò§å§Ü§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û and symbolical synthesized information, as well as formationand handing of the video signal in the digital form in the system of the §Ó§ß§Õ§Ö§à§â§Ö§Ô§Ú§ã§ä-radio set. Multi-tasking boardwith built-in display processor is intended for display of necessary information and handing of the commands by theway of the buttons depression on frame on all phases of flying. Collimating air indicator §ª§¬§º-1§® with built-in processoris intended for supplying of supervision against a background of §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ß§ß§à§Ô§à space of collimating display of the information) formed pursuant to controlling signals. He has field of vision 20x30¨c.Control of the on-board equipment, systems and armament in a new cabin ContS- 35 is supplied by the buttons and switcheson the control stick by air and control arms by the motors, as well as push-button frame of multi-tasking indicators. In such a manner, aboard the plane conception HOTAS is realised. Development of the indicators and the series of other systems of the plane §¢§²§¿§° ContS- 35 is supplied by DB Ramsnskoe of instrument engineering and other N P C enterprises ¨^§´§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã¨m.Base of the control system of the armament ContS- 35 is accounted for by new radar-tracking system of control (§²§****§³§µ) with phased antenna array ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã-§¿¨m, having unique for today by specifications on range of the purposes detection. She is developed public corporation ¨^§¯§Ñ§å§é§ß-research institute of instrument engineering to them. §£. §£. §´§Ú§ç§à§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ¨m (§¯§ª§ª§±) as further development of the §²§****§³§µ ¨^§¢§Ñ§â§ã¨m, used aboard the plane §³§å-30§®§¬§ª and §³§å-30§®§¬§®, and structurally represents a multi-tasking radar of §·-range with passive FARs of diameter of 900 mm, §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û on single-degree-of-freedom electrohydraulic drive (on azimuth and heeling), equipped to promising computing system with §¢§¸§£§® ¨^§³§à§Ý§à-35¨m. Antenna device scans at electronic control of the beam on azimuth and place angle in sectors no less than 60¨c. Besides single-degree-of-freedom electrohydraulic drive mechanically §Õ§à§Ó§à-§â§Ñ§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä aerial on azimuth to angle up to 60¨c and on heeling to angle 120¨c. Due to this maximum angle of deviation of the beam on azimuth at electronic control and mechanical aerial corrective turn is increased up to 120¨c.§²§****§³§µ ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã-§¿¨m allows to find out and to follow up to 30 air purposes at preservation of continuity of the review of the space, to lead simultaneous bombardment up to eight air purposes. The complex supplies detection, selection and tracking up to four on shore purposes in a few modes of mapping with various degree of permission for of range up to 400 km at preservation of the control above airspace.Air purposes with §¿§°§± 3 §Þ2 on counter §²§****§³§µ rates ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã-§¿¨m can find out on range up to 350-400 km (within the limits of zone of the review 100 §Ô§â§Ñ§Õ.2). It is a unique rating for modern air radars. In more wide zone of the review (300 §Ô§â§Ñ§Õ.2) similar purposes are found out guaranteed on range up to 200 km in forward hemisphere (against a background of Earth - up to 170 km) and up to 80 km in back hemisphere (up to 50 km against a background of Earth ). ¨^§³§Ó§Ö§â§ç§Þ§Ñ§Ý§à§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§ß§í§Ö¨m purposes with §¿§°§± 0.01 §Þ2 are found out ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã§à§Þ¨m on ranges up to 90 §Ü§Þ.§¥§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î accounts for detection (surface) of on shore purposes: for purpose of the type ¨^§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ñ§ß§à§ã§Ö§è¨m (§¿§°§± 50 000 §Þ2) - 400 km, ¨^§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Õ§à§â§à§Ø§ß§í§Û §Þ§à§ã§ä¨m (1000 §Þ2) - 150-200 km, ¨^§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ö§â¨m (200 §Þ2) - 100-120 km, ¨^§å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ operational and tactical §â§Ñ§Ü§Ö§ä¨m and ¨^§Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ §ä§Ñ§ß§Ü§à§Ó¨m (30 §Þ2) - 60-70 §Ü§Þ.§Á§Ó§Ý§ñ§ñ§ã§î by logic development ¨^§¢§Ñ§â§ã§Ñ¨m, §²§****§³§µ ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã¨m, in such a manner, has far more high specifications : extended (more than twice) band of working frequencies, increased from 70 to 120¨c zone of detection and tracking of air purposes on azimuth, considerably (to 2-2,5 times) increased range improved non-interference etc. On those ratings ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã¨m it is on the level of advanced foreign development in this area, surpassing the most of American and West European radar from passive and active FARs.Development of the §²§****§³§µ ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã¨m is led in the §¯§ª§ª§± with 2004 Thus far the system pilot specimens passed necessary stand testing, and first from them is installed to board of flying laboratory §³§å-30§®§¬2 ¨k503 and passes flight tests.The first flight of flying laboratory with inclusion ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã§Ñ¨m in the §****§ª§ª to them. §®. §®. Gromov it was held in the beginning of this year and demonstrated high specifications new radar under conditions of ¨^§Ó§à§Ù§Õ§å§ç-§á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§î¨m. In April flying laboratory was relocated in Akhtubinsk for execution of comprehensive flight optimisation new radar. Basic tasks of the first phase of tests ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã§Ñ¨m aboard plane are optimisation of new firmware, the evaluation of new operating mode, acknowledgement of predicted behaviour of range of detection. This phase of tests is planned to finish by the end of the year.And in the meantime §¯§ª§ª§± together with production-type State Ryazan instrument plant prepares the first standard sets ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã§Ñ¨m for installation to experienced planes ContS- 35. Two radars are prepared for placement aboard the second and fourth copies of new destroyer. Works should be performed already in this year.Other new subsystem of the control system of the armament of plane ContS- 35 is an optics-location station §°§****§³-35, uniting in itself warmly-direction finder , laser range finder-§è§Ö§Ý§Ö§å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î and telechannel. Application of modern component base, new algorithms and software superiority §°§****§³-35 above §°§****§³ of other family planes ContS- 27 and ContS- 30 on range and accuracy of action, as well as reliability is caused. Zone of the review, detection and purpose self tracking action by optics-location station accounts for ¨d90¨c on azimuth and + 60...-15 ¡°on place angle. Range of detection of air purpose by the thermaldirection finder in forward hemisphere accounts for no less than 50 km, in back - no less than 90 km. Laser range finder measures distance up to air purpose within the range of up to 20 km,and up to on shore - up to 30 km. accuracy of measurement of 5 m.Besides for supplying of effective fighting application under conditions of ¨^§Ó§à§Ù§Õ§å§ç-§á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§î¨m the plane can be completed a set by pendant electrooptical container - laser-television sight-control unit supplying detection, tracking, definition of range and laser light of on shore purposes. With her aid, in particular, corrected air bombs with laser prompting can be applied.Development of built-in and pendant electrooptical systems which can be applied on ContS- 35, lead two enterprises - Moscow SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE of precision instrument engineering (similar systems §±§± SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE are already applied on ship destroyers M and §¤-29 K / KUB developed PC To ¨^§®§Ú§¤¨m by request of India navy, and are planned to the installation to promising destroyer Moment- 35) and the Ural optical-engineering plant to them. §¿. §³. Yalamov (optics-location Uomza stations are used traditionally aboard the plane of the family ContS- 27 and Moment- 29).§³§â§Ö§Õ§Ú other new systems of the on-board equipment ContS- 35 - modern navigation and radio communication equipment,system supplying group actions of the destroyers, as well as high-efficiency complex of electronic counteraction, particular composition of which and complete set by one or another means of interferences can be defined at the option of the customer.In total for placement of defeat means 10 units of external suspension are used. Additionally two trailer wing units are operational for placement of the §²§¿§¢ containers. To composition of the armament ContS- 35, apart from already knownrockets ¨^§Ó§à§Ù§Õ§å§ç-§Ó§à§Ù§Õ§å§ç¨m average range §²-27§¿§²1 (8 pieces.), §²-27§¿§´1 and §²-27§¿§±1 (on 4 pieces.), Rvv-ae (up to 12 pieces.,including coupled suspension of four rockets under §æ§ð§Ù§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ø§Ö§Þ) and rockets of near battle §²-73§¿ (6 pieces.), will enter five new rockets of big range. The nomenclature of controlled armament of the class ¨^§Ó§à§Ù§Õ§å§ç-§á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§î¨m includes six tactical missiles §·-29§´§¦ or §·-29§****, six anti-ship and §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§è§ß§à§ß§ß§í§ç rockets §·-31§¡ and §·-31§±, five new anti-ship rockets of big range §·-59§®§¬, as well as novelty: five anti-radar rockets of increased range of the type §·-58§µ§º§¿, three rockets are of big range of the system ¨^§¬§Ý§Ñ§Ò¨m (¨^§¬§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â-§¡¨m) and one heavy anti-ship rocket of big range of the type ¨^§Á§ç§à§ß§ä¨m.Among used corrected bombs - up to eight bombs §¬§¡§¢-500§¬§â (§°§¥) with television guidance, latest §¬§¡§¢-500§³-E¡°with satellite system of prompting, as well as up to three calibre bombs of 1500 kg - §¬§¡§¢-1500§¬§â either §¬§¡§¢-1500§**** G with television or laser prompting. On the nomenclature of bombing and unguided rocket armament ContS- 35 as a whole it is not different from today's §³§å-30§®§¬, but in the long term on him will be ableto be applied advanced and new models of the calibre air bombs 500 and 250 kg and calibre rockets 80, 122 and 266/420 mm, including with laser correction. Maximum mass of fighting load ContS- 35 accounts for 8000 kg, she will be stirred to 12 pick up points.The first flight plane sample ContS- 35 is assembled entirely on Knaapo by August 2007 The day before Max-2007 transport byair §¡§ß-124 ¨^§²§å§ã§Ý§Ñ§ß¨m he was delivered to Moscow, to §****§ª§ª air station to them. §®. §®. Gromov in Zhukovskij, where after demonstration on the airinterior finalising stages of ground testing before beginning of flight tests will proceed. The first flight of him should be held in the most the near future, leading plane pilot-verifier Yury Vashuk is nominated. Following the first prototype model on assembling on Knaapo are §Ö§ê§ã two experienced ContS- 35 (the second and fourth experienced copies), which will join to tests program during the other half 2007 - beginning 2008 §Ô§Ô.§±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à in tests will be involved a few flying laboratories created based on different modifications of the planes ContS- 27. On flying laboratory §³§å-30§®§¬2 ¨k503 is fulfilled new radar ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã-§¿¨m and new optics-location station, on flying laboratory §³§å-27§® ¨k710 - new motors ¨^1I7C¨m, on flying laboratory §³§å-27§® ¨k708 - new complex control system §¬§³§µ-35 etc. Test flights on flying laboratories on program ContS- 35 execute pilots-verifiers ¨^§°§¬§¢ Sukhogo¨m Yury Vashuk, Sergei Bogdan,Sergei Kostin etc. is expected that batch production and deliveries ContS- 35 to the customers can begin already in 2009 and to proceed until exit to destroyer market of the fifth generation. The plane is included as well to State arms programmeduring till 2015 which deliveries of the destroyers ContS- 35 in Russia AIR FORCE are scheduled.</blockquote>

Verificación: Libertador de Argentina