bueno, alguno q lo lea y comente... sino lo hago despeus, no es perfecta traduccion, pero creo q mas o menos se la banca.
Title ContS- 35 known already long ago in the world of the aircraft. Under
such name with 1992 on international airinteriors repeatedly modernised
destroyers, §³§å-27§®, creating in due time by request of home-made AIR FORCE
were demonstrated. On the border of new millennium the destroyers ContS- 35
participated in AIR FORCE tender of Korea and Brasil, and in role of the
planes-demonstrators the same machines acted, §Ó§í§á§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§ê§Ö in the first
half of 90s became apparently that for successful advancing on the world
market and supplying of competitiveness with modern and promising foreign
destroyers the plane needs a radical update which should affect not only
complexes of the on-board equipment and armament, but also machine glider
itself, as well as her power-plant. The last should provide essential increase
of resources and destroyer service life. As a result to the middle of the first
decade of new century as a whole the conception of deep modernised family destroyer
ContS- 27 was generated , for which title was preserved ContS- 35 (is
used sometimes §³§å-35§¢§® (Big Update).
So that new it is realised in design ContS- 35? First, the destroyer will receive
advanced glider with strengthened design that will allow to achieve essential increase
of the plane resource - up to 6000 §é either 30 operation years (resource up to the
first control-restorative repair and between repairs is increased up to 1500 §é or 10
operation years). On aerodynamic configuration he is similar to the plane ContS- 27 -
as opposed to §³§å-30§®§¬§ª on him will not already forward horizontal tail, at the same time
in all three channels remote control will be realised, without mechanical wiring.
Application of new complex control system §¬§³§µ-35, developing §®§¯§±§¬ ¨^§¡§Ó§Ú§à§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ¨m and
performing function at once of a few systems which used earlier aboard the plane
ContS- 27 (systems of remote control, systems of automatic control, restrictive signals,
air signals, controls of braking of the landing gear wheels, controls of turn of forward
rack) will raise flight and manoeuvrable destroyer opportunities. §¬§³§µ-35 simultaneously
will function as an active safety.
From design features ContS- 35 it is necessary to note as well absence of traditional for
planes ContS- 27 top brake panel - his functions go differentially to deflected yaw rudders
. In connection with increase of take-off mass on ContS- 35 landing gear is strengthened ,
and the front bearing is performed two-wheeled. At manufacturing of the plane glider the
technologies of decrease of radar-tracking appreciablness are realised which supply
reduction of his reflecting ability in Kh-diapazons of the radiowaves in the sector of
the angles ¨d60¨c.
§£§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ö§Ö new ContS- 35 (T-10§¢M) closer common ContS- 27, than to former ContS- 35 (T-10M):
it has no §±§¤§°, tail beam is shortened. The wings correspond applied on ship ContS- 33
with big §æ§Ý§Ñ§á§Ö§â§à§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú engaging all back edge. Glider design is strengthened somewhat that
allows to increase a maximum take-off mass up to 38.800 kg. However, at the expense of
reduction of mass of the §¢§²§¿§°, mass of empty plane remained practically constant (16.500
kg).
Besides the area of vertical tail is diminished that §²§**** lowers - appreciablness, volume
of §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ß§ß§à§Ô§à section is reduced (due to modern and compact §Ñ§Ó§Ú§à§ß§Ú§Ü§Ö). Fractional changes
were undergone by the pilot's cabin lantern. With reference to glider plane ContS- 35 to
use pertinently term ¡°sparing mode of update¡±. It is caused by the designers' seeking to
avoid or to reduce to the minimum volume expensive §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, as well as to use
extremely fully existing production-type completion.
Glider design ContS- 35 supplies increase of inside fuel more than by 20% - at total filling
he reaches 11 500 kg as compared with 9400 kg at production-type ContS- 27. Besides aboard
the plane application of two pendant propellant tanks of capacity on 1800 §Ý, suspended to
underwing points is supplied. With external tanks total fuel will reach 14 300 kg. Plane as
well is equipped by the system of refueling in flight on outline ¨^§ê§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ô-§Ü§à§ß§å§ã¨m with sliding
rod on fuselage penetrator left hand side. Rate of fuel transfer at replenishment reaches 1100
§Ý / mines.
Important difference ContS- 35 from family planes previous it ContS- 27 is application in his
power-plant of new motors with increased link. They are developed on the §¯§±§° ¨^§³§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß¨m and known
called ¨^117§³¨m.
In structural plan these motors are a deep development of production-type §¡§****-31§¶ with use of
the technologies of the fifth generation. On [to] them new fan of diameter increased on 3%,
(932 mm against 905 mm) new turbines of high and low pressure, new digital control system is
applied. On the motor nozzle use with controlled thrust vector is provided (as on §¡§****-31§¶§±). As
a result of conducted update engine thrust on specific mode is increased by 16% - up to 14 500
§Ü§Ô§ã, on maximum cold mode she reaches 8800 §Ü§Ô§ã. As compared with the present §¡§****-31§¶ is substantial
- to 2-2,7 times - resource ratings will increase: time between overhauls will increase from 500
to 1000 §é (resource before the first overhaul - 1500 §é), and nominated - from 1500 to 4000 §é.
On program of tests and operational development ¨^§Ú§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ñ 117§³¨m was constructed five prototype engines.
First from them you pass 2003 stand testing, and additionally two they passed flight optimisation as
a part of power-plant of flying laboratory - experienced plane §³§å-27§® ¨k710. Test flights began in March
2004 During the first phase flight test about 30 flights of this flying laboratory with new motors,
including five - with two motors were carried out. Then the fourth copy replaced the very first pilot
specimen on the stand, and the fifth was used as reserve on flight tests.
Conducted stand testing showed that introduced events allowed to improve substantially parameters of the motor
¨^117§³¨m as compared with prototype model and to exceed terms of reference parameters on link and specific fuel
consumption. In the §¯§±§° subsidiary ¨^§³§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß¨m on Lytkarirnskij machine-building plant (Moscow region) in the spring
of this year stand durability tests of the motor to in supplying of the first departure ContS- 35 began. Besides
on the stand in Lytkarnno there is one more motor of this type which is intended for execution of the complex of
specialtests.
Production-type issue of the motors ¨^117§³¨m will be implemented in co-operation by Ufa engine-building production
association (§µ§®§±§°, Ufa) and §¯§±§° ¨^§³§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß¨m (Rybinsk). On decision of the Companies-partners, all works on motor
¨^117§³¨m will be divided between §¯§±§° ¨^§³§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß¨m and MIND ON parity base, 50 by 50%.
First two series engines ¨^§Ú§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ö 117§³¨m for execution of flight tests as a part of the first experienced plane
ContS- 35 were made on the §¯§±§° ¨^§³§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß¨m and deliver on Knaapo in the beginning of this year.
Perhaps, the main distinctive feature ContS- 35 will become application on him essentially new complex of the
on-board equipment. In the base of him information-controlling system (§ª§µ§³) intended for functional, logic,
information and program correlation of the systems of the on-board equipment to uniform integrated system and
supplying interaction between crew and equipment lies. To composition of the §ª§µ§³ two central digital calculators,
facility of switching and transformation of the information and system of indication, realising conception
¨^§ã§ä§Ö§Ü§Ý§ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Ü§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ß§í¨m enter.
The base of information-controlling cabin area ContS- 35 is accounted for by two huge colour multi-tasking §¨§¬§ª
of the type §®§¶§ª-35, multi-tasking board with built-in display processor, §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§å§Ô§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Û collimating indicator
against a background of nose glass §ª§¬§º-1§® and control panel and indication.
Multi-tasking indicators §®§¶§ª-35 with built-in display processor have size 9x12 inches (diagonal is 15 inches)
and permission 1400x1050 §á§Ú§Ü§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û. They are intended for reception , processing and display in multiwindow §â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ§Ö
§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û, §è§Ú§æ§â§à§Ò§å§Ü§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û and symbolical information, display of television information from on-board
television gauges with imposing to it §è§Ú§æ§â§à§Ò§å§Ü§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û and symbolical synthesized information, as well as formation
and handing of the video signal in the digital form in the system of the §Ó§ß§Õ§Ö§à§â§Ö§Ô§Ú§ã§ä-radio set. Multi-tasking board
with built-in display processor is intended for display of necessary information and handing of the commands by the
way of the buttons depression on frame on all phases of flying. Collimating air indicator §ª§¬§º-1§® with built-in processor
is intended for supplying of supervision against a background of §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ß§ß§à§Ô§à space of collimating display of the
information) formed pursuant to controlling signals. He has field of vision 20x30¨c.
Control of the on-board equipment, systems and armament in a new cabin ContS- 35 is supplied by the buttons and switches
on the control stick by air and control arms by the motors, as well as push-button frame of multi-tasking indicators.
In such a manner, aboard the plane conception HOTAS is realised. Development of the indicators and the series of other
systems of the plane §¢§²§¿§° ContS- 35 is supplied by DB Ramsnskoe of instrument engineering and other N P C enterprises
¨^§´§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã¨m.
Base of the control system of the armament ContS- 35 is accounted for by new radar-tracking system of control (§²§****§³§µ)
with phased antenna array ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã-§¿¨m, having unique for today by specifications on range of the purposes detection.
She is developed public corporation ¨^§¯§Ñ§å§é§ß-research institute of instrument engineering to them. §£. §£. §´§Ú§ç§à§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ¨m (§¯§ª§ª§±)
as further development of the §²§****§³§µ ¨^§¢§Ñ§â§ã¨m, used aboard the plane §³§å-30§®§¬§ª and §³§å-30§®§¬§®, and structurally represents a
multi-tasking radar of §·-range with passive FARs of diameter of 900 mm, §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û on single-degree-of-freedom
electrohydraulic drive (on azimuth and heeling), equipped to promising computing system with §¢§¸§£§® ¨^§³§à§Ý§à-35¨m. Antenna
device scans at electronic control of the beam on azimuth and place angle in sectors no less than 60¨c. Besides
single-degree-of-freedom electrohydraulic drive mechanically §Õ§à§Ó§à-§â§Ñ§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä aerial on azimuth to angle up to 60¨c and
on heeling to angle 120¨c. Due to this maximum angle of deviation of the beam on azimuth at electronic control and
mechanical aerial corrective turn is increased up to 120¨c.
§²§****§³§µ ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã-§¿¨m allows to find out and to follow up to 30 air purposes at preservation of continuity of the review of
the space, to lead simultaneous bombardment up to eight air purposes. The complex supplies detection, selection and
tracking up to four on shore purposes in a few modes of mapping with various degree of permission for of range up to
400 km at preservation of the control above airspace.
Air purposes with §¿§°§± 3 §Þ2 on counter §²§****§³§µ rates ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã-§¿¨m can find out on range up to 350-400 km (within the limits
of zone of the review 100 §Ô§â§Ñ§Õ.2). It is a unique rating for modern air radars. In more wide zone of the review (300
§Ô§â§Ñ§Õ.2) similar purposes are found out guaranteed on range up to 200 km in forward hemisphere (against a background
of Earth - up to 170 km) and up to 80 km in back hemisphere (up to 50 km against a background of Earth ).
¨^§³§Ó§Ö§â§ç§Þ§Ñ§Ý§à§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§ß§í§Ö¨m purposes with §¿§°§± 0.01 §Þ2 are found out ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã§à§Þ¨m on ranges up to 90 §Ü§Þ.
§¥§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î accounts for detection (surface) of on shore purposes: for purpose of the type ¨^§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ñ§ß§à§ã§Ö§è¨m (§¿§°§± 50 000 §Þ2)
- 400 km, ¨^§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Õ§à§â§à§Ø§ß§í§Û §Þ§à§ã§ä¨m (1000 §Þ2) - 150-200 km, ¨^§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ö§â¨m (200 §Þ2) - 100-120 km, ¨^§å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ operational and
tactical §â§Ñ§Ü§Ö§ä¨m and ¨^§Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ §ä§Ñ§ß§Ü§à§Ó¨m (30 §Þ2) - 60-70 §Ü§Þ.
§Á§Ó§Ý§ñ§ñ§ã§î by logic development ¨^§¢§Ñ§â§ã§Ñ¨m, §²§****§³§µ ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã¨m, in such a manner, has far more high specifications : extended
(more than twice) band of working frequencies, increased from 70 to 120¨c zone of detection and tracking of air purposes
on azimuth, considerably (to 2-2,5 times) increased range improved non-interference etc. On those ratings ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã¨m it is
on the level of advanced foreign development in this area, surpassing the most of American and West European radar from
passive and active FARs.
Development of the §²§****§³§µ ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã¨m is led in the §¯§ª§ª§± with 2004 Thus far the system pilot specimens passed necessary
stand testing, and first from them is installed to board of flying laboratory §³§å-30§®§¬2 ¨k503 and passes flight tests.
The first flight of flying laboratory with inclusion ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã§Ñ¨m in the §****§ª§ª to them. §®. §®. Gromov it was held in the
beginning of this year and demonstrated high specifications new radar under conditions of ¨^§Ó§à§Ù§Õ§å§ç-§á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§î¨m.
In April flying laboratory was relocated in Akhtubinsk for execution of comprehensive flight optimisation new radar.
Basic tasks of the first phase of tests ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã§Ñ¨m aboard plane are optimisation of new firmware, the evaluation of new
operating mode, acknowledgement of predicted behaviour of range of detection. This phase of tests is planned to finish
by the end of the year.
And in the meantime §¯§ª§ª§± together with production-type State Ryazan instrument plant prepares the first standard sets
¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã§Ñ¨m for installation to experienced planes ContS- 35. Two radars are prepared for placement aboard the second and
fourth copies of new destroyer. Works should be performed already in this year.
Other new subsystem of the control system of the armament of plane ContS- 35 is an optics-location station §°§****§³-35,
uniting in itself warmly-direction finder , laser range finder-§è§Ö§Ý§Ö§å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î and telechannel. Application of modern
component base, new algorithms and software superiority §°§****§³-35 above §°§****§³ of other family planes ContS- 27 and ContS-
30 on range and accuracy of action, as well as reliability is caused. Zone of the review, detection and purpose self
tracking action by optics-location station accounts for ¨d90¨c on azimuth and + 60...-15 ¡°on place angle. Range of
detection of air purpose by the thermaldirection finder in forward hemisphere accounts for no less than 50 km,
in back - no less than 90 km. Laser range finder measures distance up to air purpose within the range of up to 20 km,
and up to on shore - up to 30 km. accuracy of measurement of 5 m.
Besides for supplying of effective fighting application under conditions of ¨^§Ó§à§Ù§Õ§å§ç-§á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§î¨m the plane can be
completed a set by pendant electrooptical container - laser-television sight-control unit supplying detection,
tracking, definition of range and laser light of on shore purposes. With her aid, in particular, corrected air
bombs with laser prompting can be applied.
Development of built-in and pendant electrooptical systems which can be applied on ContS- 35, lead two enterprises -
Moscow SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE of precision instrument engineering (similar systems §±§± SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
INSTITUTE are already applied on ship destroyers M and §¤-29 K / KUB developed PC To ¨^§®§Ú§¤¨m by request of India navy,
and are planned to the installation to promising destroyer Moment- 35) and the Ural optical-engineering plant to
them. §¿. §³. Yalamov (optics-location Uomza stations are used traditionally aboard the plane of the family ContS- 27
and Moment- 29).
§³§â§Ö§Õ§Ú other new systems of the on-board equipment ContS- 35 - modern navigation and radio communication equipment,
system supplying group actions of the destroyers, as well as high-efficiency complex of electronic counteraction,
particular composition of which and complete set by one or another means of interferences can be defined at the option
of the customer.
In total for placement of defeat means 10 units of external suspension are used. Additionally two trailer wing units
are operational for placement of the §²§¿§¢ containers. To composition of the armament ContS- 35, apart from already known
rockets ¨^§Ó§à§Ù§Õ§å§ç-§Ó§à§Ù§Õ§å§ç¨m average range §²-27§¿§²1 (8 pieces.), §²-27§¿§´1 and §²-27§¿§±1 (on 4 pieces.), Rvv-ae (up to 12 pieces.,
including coupled suspension of four rockets under §æ§ð§Ù§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ø§Ö§Þ) and rockets of near battle §²-73§¿ (6 pieces.), will enter
five new rockets of big range. The nomenclature of controlled armament of the class ¨^§Ó§à§Ù§Õ§å§ç-§á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§î¨m includes six
tactical missiles §·-29§´§¦ or §·-29§****, six anti-ship and §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§è§ß§à§ß§ß§í§ç rockets §·-31§¡ and §·-31§±, five new anti-ship
rockets of big range §·-59§®§¬, as well as novelty: five anti-radar rockets of increased range of the type §·-58§µ§º§¿, three
rockets are of big range of the system ¨^§¬§Ý§Ñ§Ò¨m (¨^§¬§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â-§¡¨m) and one heavy anti-ship rocket of big range of the type ¨^§Á§ç§à§ß§ä¨m.
Among used corrected bombs - up to eight bombs §¬§¡§¢-500§¬§â (§°§¥) with television guidance, latest §¬§¡§¢-500§³-E¡°with satellite
system of prompting, as well as up to three calibre bombs of 1500 kg - §¬§¡§¢-1500§¬§â either §¬§¡§¢-1500§**** G with television or
laser prompting. On the nomenclature of bombing and unguided rocket armament ContS- 35 as a whole it is not different from
today's §³§å-30§®§¬, but in the long term on him will be able
to be applied advanced and new models of the calibre air bombs 500 and 250 kg and calibre rockets 80, 122 and 266/420 mm,
including with laser correction. Maximum mass of fighting load ContS- 35 accounts for 8000 kg, she will be stirred to 12
pick up points.
The first flight plane sample ContS- 35 is assembled entirely on Knaapo by August 2007 The day before Max-2007 transport by
air §¡§ß-124 ¨^§²§å§ã§Ý§Ñ§ß¨m he was delivered to Moscow, to §****§ª§ª air station to them. §®. §®. Gromov in Zhukovskij, where after
demonstration on the airinterior finalising stages of ground testing before beginning of flight tests will proceed.
The first flight of him should be held in the most the near future, leading plane pilot-verifier Yury Vashuk is nominated.
Following the first prototype model on assembling on Knaapo are §Ö§ê§ã two experienced ContS- 35 (the second and fourth
experienced copies), which will join to tests program during the other half 2007 - beginning 2008 §Ô§Ô.
§±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à in tests will be involved a few flying laboratories created based on different modifications of the planes
ContS- 27. On flying laboratory §³§å-30§®§¬2 ¨k503 is fulfilled new radar ¨^§ª§â§Ò§Ú§ã-§¿¨m and new optics-location station, on flying
laboratory §³§å-27§® ¨k710 - new motors ¨^1I7C¨m, on flying laboratory §³§å-27§® ¨k708 - new complex control system §¬§³§µ-35 etc.
Test flights on flying laboratories on program ContS- 35 execute pilots-verifiers ¨^§°§¬§¢ Sukhogo¨m Yury Vashuk, Sergei Bogdan,
Sergei Kostin etc. is expected that batch production and deliveries ContS- 35 to the customers can begin already in 2009
and to proceed until exit to destroyer market of the fifth generation. The plane is included as well to State arms programme
during till 2015 which deliveries of the destroyers ContS- 35 in Russia AIR FORCE are scheduled.