Cockpit Mig-31 BM
El Club del MiG-25/31
- Tema iniciado nemesis
- Fecha de inicio
¿La Firma Infraroja sera comparable a la del F22? :smilielol5:FENIX dijo:
No estoy de acuerdo los dos lo son .
FENIX dijo:
Hay menos de 300 en servicio, mas 30 de Kazakhstan... y No sobran.
Esas bestias no las podes actualizar aqui... en realidad dudo mucho que haga falta actualizarles nada.
Y son caros... no te puedo dar una cifra exacta... pero eso que dicen de 30 palos verdes es muy poco... ni se acerca.
Guitro01
Forista Sancionado o Expulsado
Pues si hatt deberian recibir una actualizacion, ya que si bien los Rusos han quedado medios relegados en la carrera tecnologica se dice que la version BM es capaz de cosas por demas interesantes ... 
Cockpit del copiloto en un MiG-31BM
El mig 31 hoy:
Cabina del navegante del MiG-31:
Al respecto de la cantidad ... se hicieron algo mas de 500 Mig-31, habiendo a la fecha unos 11 regimientos (+o- 300 aviones en servicio)
En lo peor de la crisis rusa, el Mig-31 logro un ratio de servicio del 45% ...
Cockpit del copiloto en un MiG-31BM
El mig 31 hoy:
Cabina del navegante del MiG-31:
Al respecto de la cantidad ... se hicieron algo mas de 500 Mig-31, habiendo a la fecha unos 11 regimientos (+o- 300 aviones en servicio)
En lo peor de la crisis rusa, el Mig-31 logro un ratio de servicio del 45% ...
Guitro01
Forista Sancionado o Expulsado
Del upgrade del Zaslom:
Zalson-AM
Upgraded Aircraft Radar Being Created for MiG-31 Fighter
The upgraded “Zaslon-AM” aircraft radar (BRLS) is being created at the Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Building, the general director of the Tikhomirov NIIP, Yuriy Belyy, reported to Interfax-AVN on Wednesday.
“The Tikhomirov NIIP has an assignment in accordance with the state defense order line item to upgrade the 'Zaslon’ BRLS for MiG-31 fighters. The upgraded BRLS has received the designation 'Zaslon-AM'," Yu. Belyy reported.
According to him, the Tikhomirov NIIP has 30 years of experience in the creation and development of radars with electronic scanning (the “Zaslon”) for fighter interceptors of the MiG-31 type.
Yu. Belyy reported that the Tikhomirov NIIP plans to begin bench tests in the near future of the upgraded BRLS.
“An agreement has been concluded with the St. Peterburg Leninets Holding Company for the development at this enterprise of a special bench for the overhaul and upgrade of the BRLS,” the NIIP general director declared.
He noted that the upgrade of the "Zaslon-A” radar includes, in particular, the replacement of the digital processing components ((VYCHISLITEL’NYE SREDSTVA)). “The program for the creation of the 'Zaslon-AM' BRLS is at the experimental design work stage," the agency source reported.
In the opinion of experts, in the upgrade of the “Zaslon” BRLS with electronic beam scanning, the aging A-15A central processor is exchanged for the more modern “Baget-55” which allows the introduction of several new mode of operation for the “Zaslon-AM” BRLS for the upgraded MiG-31BM fighters while keeping the B1.01M antenna.
The "Zaslon” BRLS technologies have served as a base for the creation of the N-011M "Bars" BRLS for Indian air force fighters of the Su-30MKI type. At the same time, the "Bars” radar antenna’s weight is 100 kilograms versus the weight of the B1.01M antenna on the MiG-31 of 250 kilograms.
Zalson-AM
Upgraded Aircraft Radar Being Created for MiG-31 Fighter
The upgraded “Zaslon-AM” aircraft radar (BRLS) is being created at the Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Building, the general director of the Tikhomirov NIIP, Yuriy Belyy, reported to Interfax-AVN on Wednesday.
“The Tikhomirov NIIP has an assignment in accordance with the state defense order line item to upgrade the 'Zaslon’ BRLS for MiG-31 fighters. The upgraded BRLS has received the designation 'Zaslon-AM'," Yu. Belyy reported.
According to him, the Tikhomirov NIIP has 30 years of experience in the creation and development of radars with electronic scanning (the “Zaslon”) for fighter interceptors of the MiG-31 type.
Yu. Belyy reported that the Tikhomirov NIIP plans to begin bench tests in the near future of the upgraded BRLS.
“An agreement has been concluded with the St. Peterburg Leninets Holding Company for the development at this enterprise of a special bench for the overhaul and upgrade of the BRLS,” the NIIP general director declared.
He noted that the upgrade of the "Zaslon-A” radar includes, in particular, the replacement of the digital processing components ((VYCHISLITEL’NYE SREDSTVA)). “The program for the creation of the 'Zaslon-AM' BRLS is at the experimental design work stage," the agency source reported.
In the opinion of experts, in the upgrade of the “Zaslon” BRLS with electronic beam scanning, the aging A-15A central processor is exchanged for the more modern “Baget-55” which allows the introduction of several new mode of operation for the “Zaslon-AM” BRLS for the upgraded MiG-31BM fighters while keeping the B1.01M antenna.
The "Zaslon” BRLS technologies have served as a base for the creation of the N-011M "Bars" BRLS for Indian air force fighters of the Su-30MKI type. At the same time, the "Bars” radar antenna’s weight is 100 kilograms versus the weight of the B1.01M antenna on the MiG-31 of 250 kilograms.
Guitro01 dijo:Pues si hatt deberian recibir una actualizacion, ya que si bien los Rusos han quedado medios relegados en la carrera tecnologica se dice que la version BM es capaz de cosas por demas interesantes ...
Al respecto de la cantidad ... se hicieron algo mas de 500 Mig-31, habiendo a la fecha unos 11 regimientos (+o- 300 aviones en servicio)
Puede ser, sin embargo los BS hoy por hoy para un entorno como el nuestro estan muy bien equipados.
No se la cantidad que hayan sido llevados a BM, pero crei que eran llevados a una version denominada FE con capacidad AS.
Guitro01
Forista Sancionado o Expulsado
Para el que quiera algo de info acerca del Zaslon:
Zaslon Phased Array Radar The key to the MiG-31's effectiveness lies in its weapons system, which is probably the most effective ever fitted to a Soviet fighter aircraft. The heart of the system is the SBI-16 Zaslon radar, codenamed 'Flash Dance' by NATO. This is said to be the world's most powerful fighter radar, with a higher output in kilowatts than any other radar.
When a MiG- 31 visited the 1991 Paris air salon, the radome was removed in the static aircraft park (much to everybody's surprise), revealing the radar's fixed, phased array antenna, believed to have been the first such antenna in a fighter. The radar's designers (the Research Institute of Equipment Design) describe such small phase array radars as 'Arrowhead' radars, this being a partial acronym (Arrays Of High Efficiency And Directivity) and claim a number of advantages. Since the antenna cannot move, the radar beam is 'pointed' electronically.
The fixed antenna allows the full fuselage diameter to be used for the antenna, with no space for movement. This is significant since antenna diameter and effective operating range are directly related. The fixed antenna allows the radar beam to be steered faster and more accurately than with a conventional moving antenna and allows 'controlled beamshaping'. The radar designers also claim that fewer sidelobes are generated (and that such sidelobes as are generated can be better controlled). They also claim that reliability and radar gain can be maximized while minimizing weight complexity.
Mikoyan claims that the antenna also allows rear hemisphere coverage, through 120 degrees on each side of the centerline. This is remarkable, since even with no rearward facing capability, the proximity of the radar emitters to the pilot would seem potentially hazardous. The only other operational phased array electronically steered antenna is that of the APQ-164 radar of the B-IB.
Tired of accusations of copying Western technology, Soviet designers are eager to point out that their radar was in service two years before that of the B-IB. The radome of the MiG-31 at Paris was covered by thin muslin, which obscured some details. Waveguides were loot visible, but there did appear to be 24 horizontal rows of metallic emitters. Small dipoles spread across the face of the radome are probably for IFF or constant wave illumination for a semi-active radar-homing missile. It is uncertain as to what waveband is used, although Yuri Guskov, chief designer at Phazatron, has stated that the radar operates at "slightly lower than S- band" which corresponds to NATO's D-band.
This raises more questions than it answers, since some Western analysts suggest that such a waveband would give a wide beam and inadequate resolution at long range. I- or G-bands are felt by some to be more likely, and Aviation Week stated that the radar operated in the mid l-band (9-9.5 GHz). All signal processing is digital. The radar allows the simultaneous tracking of 10 targets, and the simultaneous engagement of four targets. The aircraft's BTsVM(S) mission computer automatically selects the four most threatening targets for engagement. Radar performance IS Impressive, with a detection range (for a target with 16 m2 (172 sq ft) cross-section) of 200 km (124 miles) and a tracking range of 120km (74 miles). The phased array antenna allows the beam to sweep through 120 degrees in azimuth and from 70 degrees above the nose to 60 degrees below. The Russians claim that this allows the MiG-31 to engage targets spread over a greater area than can its Western equivalent, the F-14, although the Western aircraft call simultaneously engage a greater number of targets Mikoyan claims that the MiG-31 radar is capable of engaging missiles, and have referred to the aircraft as being like a patriot missile which can fly 'repeated missions'. They also claim to be testing the weapons system against 'Stealth' aircraft.
The radar also has navigation and situation monitoring functions although navigation is more routinely handled by Marshroot (Soviet equivalent to Omega) and Tropik (Soviet equivalent to LORAN) systems, which give a accuracy of 250 m (820 ft) at a range of 2000 km (1,243 miles). The MiG-31 was designed to operate in those areas where there is no ground-based radar coverage, such as the north, using its sophisticated onboard systems for autonomous operations MiG-31s are most often used in group of four (or even eight), linked together by datalink. Operating together, four MiG-31s can cover a strip of territory 900 km (560 miles) across, and targets can be transferred rapidly from one aircraft to another, with all aircraft sharing the same image on their tactical situation displays. The transmission of target information between aircraft by datalink reduces the vulnerability to hostile jamming, while the radar's, angular tracking circuits are hard to deceive. Information denied by hostile jamming can be recovered using kinematic and triangulation methods. The aircraft is provided with secure digital datalinks to the ground (AK-RLDN) and between aircraft (APD-518). Conformal antennas for these are located respectively in the leading edges of the ventral fins and on the sides of the nose (three per side) and rear fuselage (two).
The aircraft's datalinks and powerful radar also allow the MiG-31 to act as a 'mini AWACS' in its own right, directing and controlling other fighters. The lead navigator in a flight of four MiG-31s can even directly steer his wingmen's aircraft, since their autopilots can receive his commands via datalink. Radar is not, however, the MiG-31's only target acquisition and tracking sensor. To provide an emission-free alternative to radar, or to be used in the event of radar failure, the MiG-31 is equipped with a retractable undernose IRST
Zaslon Phased Array Radar The key to the MiG-31's effectiveness lies in its weapons system, which is probably the most effective ever fitted to a Soviet fighter aircraft. The heart of the system is the SBI-16 Zaslon radar, codenamed 'Flash Dance' by NATO. This is said to be the world's most powerful fighter radar, with a higher output in kilowatts than any other radar.
When a MiG- 31 visited the 1991 Paris air salon, the radome was removed in the static aircraft park (much to everybody's surprise), revealing the radar's fixed, phased array antenna, believed to have been the first such antenna in a fighter. The radar's designers (the Research Institute of Equipment Design) describe such small phase array radars as 'Arrowhead' radars, this being a partial acronym (Arrays Of High Efficiency And Directivity) and claim a number of advantages. Since the antenna cannot move, the radar beam is 'pointed' electronically.
The fixed antenna allows the full fuselage diameter to be used for the antenna, with no space for movement. This is significant since antenna diameter and effective operating range are directly related. The fixed antenna allows the radar beam to be steered faster and more accurately than with a conventional moving antenna and allows 'controlled beamshaping'. The radar designers also claim that fewer sidelobes are generated (and that such sidelobes as are generated can be better controlled). They also claim that reliability and radar gain can be maximized while minimizing weight complexity.
Mikoyan claims that the antenna also allows rear hemisphere coverage, through 120 degrees on each side of the centerline. This is remarkable, since even with no rearward facing capability, the proximity of the radar emitters to the pilot would seem potentially hazardous. The only other operational phased array electronically steered antenna is that of the APQ-164 radar of the B-IB.
Tired of accusations of copying Western technology, Soviet designers are eager to point out that their radar was in service two years before that of the B-IB. The radome of the MiG-31 at Paris was covered by thin muslin, which obscured some details. Waveguides were loot visible, but there did appear to be 24 horizontal rows of metallic emitters. Small dipoles spread across the face of the radome are probably for IFF or constant wave illumination for a semi-active radar-homing missile. It is uncertain as to what waveband is used, although Yuri Guskov, chief designer at Phazatron, has stated that the radar operates at "slightly lower than S- band" which corresponds to NATO's D-band.
This raises more questions than it answers, since some Western analysts suggest that such a waveband would give a wide beam and inadequate resolution at long range. I- or G-bands are felt by some to be more likely, and Aviation Week stated that the radar operated in the mid l-band (9-9.5 GHz). All signal processing is digital. The radar allows the simultaneous tracking of 10 targets, and the simultaneous engagement of four targets. The aircraft's BTsVM(S) mission computer automatically selects the four most threatening targets for engagement. Radar performance IS Impressive, with a detection range (for a target with 16 m2 (172 sq ft) cross-section) of 200 km (124 miles) and a tracking range of 120km (74 miles). The phased array antenna allows the beam to sweep through 120 degrees in azimuth and from 70 degrees above the nose to 60 degrees below. The Russians claim that this allows the MiG-31 to engage targets spread over a greater area than can its Western equivalent, the F-14, although the Western aircraft call simultaneously engage a greater number of targets Mikoyan claims that the MiG-31 radar is capable of engaging missiles, and have referred to the aircraft as being like a patriot missile which can fly 'repeated missions'. They also claim to be testing the weapons system against 'Stealth' aircraft.
The radar also has navigation and situation monitoring functions although navigation is more routinely handled by Marshroot (Soviet equivalent to Omega) and Tropik (Soviet equivalent to LORAN) systems, which give a accuracy of 250 m (820 ft) at a range of 2000 km (1,243 miles). The MiG-31 was designed to operate in those areas where there is no ground-based radar coverage, such as the north, using its sophisticated onboard systems for autonomous operations MiG-31s are most often used in group of four (or even eight), linked together by datalink. Operating together, four MiG-31s can cover a strip of territory 900 km (560 miles) across, and targets can be transferred rapidly from one aircraft to another, with all aircraft sharing the same image on their tactical situation displays. The transmission of target information between aircraft by datalink reduces the vulnerability to hostile jamming, while the radar's, angular tracking circuits are hard to deceive. Information denied by hostile jamming can be recovered using kinematic and triangulation methods. The aircraft is provided with secure digital datalinks to the ground (AK-RLDN) and between aircraft (APD-518). Conformal antennas for these are located respectively in the leading edges of the ventral fins and on the sides of the nose (three per side) and rear fuselage (two).
The aircraft's datalinks and powerful radar also allow the MiG-31 to act as a 'mini AWACS' in its own right, directing and controlling other fighters. The lead navigator in a flight of four MiG-31s can even directly steer his wingmen's aircraft, since their autopilots can receive his commands via datalink. Radar is not, however, the MiG-31's only target acquisition and tracking sensor. To provide an emission-free alternative to radar, or to be used in the event of radar failure, the MiG-31 is equipped with a retractable undernose IRST
Guitro01
Forista Sancionado o Expulsado
Mas información sobre el Zaslon
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The N007 Zaslon was the first phased-array radar to enter service on a fighter aircraft. In 1968, Phazotron had been tasked with developing the radar for the future MiG-31. Engineers prepared two prototype units, dubbed Groza and Vikhr, both based on Sapfir-series technology. The final version was called Smerch-100, but the radar failed to meet requirements. As a result, in 1971 Phazotron was ordered to pass all the documentation to its consortium partner NIIP. The result was the Zaslon radar. The task was very difficult, since one of the main requirements was engaging cruise missiles, and the experienced Phazotron had failed to solve the problem of detecting small objects against ground clutter and tracking multiple targets simultaneously. Finally all the problems were solved, with lots of assistance from NPO Istok, who helped design the phased array, and Leninetz who were to build it, and the system finally reached service in December 1981. Zaslon is double the weight of the AWG-9, the largest US fighter radar. The NIIP team believed that the advantages a phased-array radar gave in terms of near-instantaneous scanning and multitarget engagement capability (a typical mechanically-scanned antenna can take 12-14 seconds to complete a scan) were worth the weight and cost penalties. First tests of the radar were conducted in 1973, and it was first flown on a test aircraft in 1976. On February 15, 1978, a mission in which ten targets were detected and tracked was performed for the first time. In 1981, MiG-31 aircraft carrying the Zaslon radar entered service with the Air Defense aviation, and became fully operational in 1983.
The 1.1m diameter, 30cm deep, phased array antenna weighs 300kg, the whole radar weighing in at 1000kg. Zaslon uses an Argon-15A computer (first airborne digital computer designed in USSR). Zaslon operates in 9-9.5 GHz band. It detects and engages targets down to 25m, including cruise missiles. Maximum possible search range is 300km for a large airborne target.
Range, headon, versus bomber: 180-200km search, 120-150km track
Range, tailchase, versus bomber: 90km search, 70km track
Range, headon, versus fighter : 120-130km search, 90km track
Zaslon can detect targets as small as 0.3 sq. m radar cross-section (RCS) to a maximum range of 65 km
Radar scan limits are ±70 azimuth, +70/-60 elevation.
Target track TWS mode, track 10 and engage 4.
Average power transmitted is 2.5kW.
MTBF is 55 hours.
Variants:
Zaslon-A security of the Zaslon system was compromised by the US spy A. Tolkachev. This lead to development of an updated version, fitted to MiG-31B from 1990, retrofitted to some earlier models during rebuilding to MiG-31BS standard. It had a new data processor, giving extended capabilities, longer range and better ECM resistance.
Zaslon-M 1.4m diameter antenna, 50% to 100% better performance than Zaslon. In April 1994 used with an R-37 to hit a target at 300km distance. Search range 400km versus a 19/20 sq m RCS target. Tracks 24 targets at once, engages 6. Supposedly able to engage launched Pershing-2 missiles in flight with long-range R-37 active radar-guided missiles. Project ended as no new MiG-31s will be built.
Zaslon-AM all MiG-31s remaining in service are supposed to have their radars upgraded to Zaslon-AM status by Leninets, according to a design put forward by NIIP that keeps the existing antenna while replacing the old Argon-15A processors with Baget series processors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The N007 Zaslon was the first phased-array radar to enter service on a fighter aircraft. In 1968, Phazotron had been tasked with developing the radar for the future MiG-31. Engineers prepared two prototype units, dubbed Groza and Vikhr, both based on Sapfir-series technology. The final version was called Smerch-100, but the radar failed to meet requirements. As a result, in 1971 Phazotron was ordered to pass all the documentation to its consortium partner NIIP. The result was the Zaslon radar. The task was very difficult, since one of the main requirements was engaging cruise missiles, and the experienced Phazotron had failed to solve the problem of detecting small objects against ground clutter and tracking multiple targets simultaneously. Finally all the problems were solved, with lots of assistance from NPO Istok, who helped design the phased array, and Leninetz who were to build it, and the system finally reached service in December 1981. Zaslon is double the weight of the AWG-9, the largest US fighter radar. The NIIP team believed that the advantages a phased-array radar gave in terms of near-instantaneous scanning and multitarget engagement capability (a typical mechanically-scanned antenna can take 12-14 seconds to complete a scan) were worth the weight and cost penalties. First tests of the radar were conducted in 1973, and it was first flown on a test aircraft in 1976. On February 15, 1978, a mission in which ten targets were detected and tracked was performed for the first time. In 1981, MiG-31 aircraft carrying the Zaslon radar entered service with the Air Defense aviation, and became fully operational in 1983.
The 1.1m diameter, 30cm deep, phased array antenna weighs 300kg, the whole radar weighing in at 1000kg. Zaslon uses an Argon-15A computer (first airborne digital computer designed in USSR). Zaslon operates in 9-9.5 GHz band. It detects and engages targets down to 25m, including cruise missiles. Maximum possible search range is 300km for a large airborne target.
Range, headon, versus bomber: 180-200km search, 120-150km track
Range, tailchase, versus bomber: 90km search, 70km track
Range, headon, versus fighter : 120-130km search, 90km track
Zaslon can detect targets as small as 0.3 sq. m radar cross-section (RCS) to a maximum range of 65 km
Radar scan limits are ±70 azimuth, +70/-60 elevation.
Target track TWS mode, track 10 and engage 4.
Average power transmitted is 2.5kW.
MTBF is 55 hours.
Variants:
Zaslon-A security of the Zaslon system was compromised by the US spy A. Tolkachev. This lead to development of an updated version, fitted to MiG-31B from 1990, retrofitted to some earlier models during rebuilding to MiG-31BS standard. It had a new data processor, giving extended capabilities, longer range and better ECM resistance.
Zaslon-M 1.4m diameter antenna, 50% to 100% better performance than Zaslon. In April 1994 used with an R-37 to hit a target at 300km distance. Search range 400km versus a 19/20 sq m RCS target. Tracks 24 targets at once, engages 6. Supposedly able to engage launched Pershing-2 missiles in flight with long-range R-37 active radar-guided missiles. Project ended as no new MiG-31s will be built.
Zaslon-AM all MiG-31s remaining in service are supposed to have their radars upgraded to Zaslon-AM status by Leninets, according to a design put forward by NIIP that keeps the existing antenna while replacing the old Argon-15A processors with Baget series processors.
preferis que sea "la"?:yonofui: :smilielol5: :smilielol5: :smilielol5: :rofl: :rofl:
